Wahyu 18:20
Konteks18:20 (Rejoice over her, O heaven,
and you saints and apostles and prophets,
for God has pronounced judgment 1 against her on your behalf!) 2
Wahyu 19:1-4
Konteks19:1 After these things I heard what sounded like the loud voice of a vast throng in heaven, saying,
“Hallelujah! Salvation and glory and power belong to our God,
19:2 because his judgments are true and just. 3
For he has judged 4 the great prostitute
who corrupted the earth with her sexual immorality,
and has avenged the blood of his servants 5 poured out by her own hands!” 6
19:3 Then 7 a second time the crowd shouted, “Hallelujah!” The smoke rises from her forever and ever. 8 19:4 The twenty-four elders and the four living creatures threw themselves to the ground 9 and worshiped God, who was seated on the throne, saying: “Amen! Hallelujah!”
Wahyu 19:11-21
Konteks19:11 Then 10 I saw heaven opened and here came 11 a white horse! The 12 one riding it was called “Faithful” and “True,” and with justice 13 he judges and goes to war. 19:12 His eyes are like a fiery 14 flame and there are many diadem crowns 15 on his head. He has 16 a name written 17 that no one knows except himself. 19:13 He is dressed in clothing dipped 18 in blood, and he is called 19 the Word of God. 19:14 The 20 armies that are in heaven, dressed in white, clean, fine linen, 21 were following him on white horses. 19:15 From his mouth extends a sharp sword, so that with it he can strike the nations. 22 He 23 will rule 24 them with an iron rod, 25 and he stomps the winepress 26 of the furious 27 wrath of God, the All-Powerful. 28 19:16 He has a name written on his clothing and on his thigh: “King of kings and Lord of lords.”
19:17 Then 29 I saw one angel standing in 30 the sun, and he shouted in a loud voice to all the birds flying high in the sky: 31
“Come, gather around for the great banquet 32 of God,
19:18 to eat 33 your fill 34 of the flesh of kings,
the flesh of generals, 35
the flesh of powerful people,
the flesh of horses and those who ride them,
and the flesh of all people, both free and slave, 36
and small and great!”
19:19 Then 37 I saw the beast and the kings of the earth and their armies assembled to do battle with the one who rode the horse and with his army. 19:20 Now 38 the beast was seized, and along with him the false prophet who had performed the signs on his behalf 39 – signs by which he deceived those who had received the mark of the beast and those who worshiped his image. Both of them were thrown alive into the lake of fire burning with sulfur. 40 19:21 The 41 others were killed by the sword that extended from the mouth of the one who rode the horse, and all the birds gorged 42 themselves with their flesh.
[18:20] 1 tn On the phrase “pronounced judgment” BDAG 567 s.v. κρίμα 4.b states, “The OT is the source of the expr. κρίνειν τὸ κρ. (cp. Zech 7:9; 8:16; Ezk 44:24) ἔκρινεν ὁ θεὸς τὸ κρίμα ὑμῶν ἐξ αὐτῆς God has pronounced judgment for you against her or God has pronounced on her the judgment she wished to impose on you (HHoltzmann, Hdb. 1893 ad loc.) Rv 18:20.”
[18:20] 2 tn Grk “God has judged a judgment of you of her.” Verse 20 is set in parentheses because in it the saints, etc. are addressed directly in the second person.
[18:20] sn This verse forms a parenthetical aside in the narrative.
[19:2] 3 tn Compare the similar phrase in Rev 16:7.
[19:2] 4 tn Or “has punished.” See BDAG 568 s.v. κρίνω 5.b.α, describing the OT background which involves both the vindication of the innocent and the punishment of the guilty.
[19:2] 5 tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.
[19:2] 6 tn Grk “from her hand” (referring to her responsibility in causing the blood of God’s followers to be shed).
[19:3] 7 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
[19:3] 8 tn Or “her smoke ascends forever and ever.”
[19:4] 9 tn Grk “creatures fell down.” BDAG 815 s.v. πίπτω 1.b.α.ב. has “fall down, throw oneself to the ground as a sign of devotion or humility, before high-ranking persons or divine beings.”
[19:11] 10 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
[19:11] 11 tn The phrase “and here came” expresses the sense of καὶ ἰδού (kai idou).
[19:11] 12 tn A new sentence was started in the translation at this point and καί (kai) was not translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[19:11] 13 tn Or “in righteousness,” but since the context here involves the punishment of the wicked and the vindication of the saints, “justice” was preferred.
[19:12] 14 tn The genitive noun πυρός (puros) has been translated as an attributive genitive (see also Rev 1:14).
[19:12] 15 tn For the translation of διάδημα (diadhma) as “diadem crown” see L&N 6.196.
[19:12] sn Diadem crowns were a type of crown used as a symbol of the highest ruling authority in a given area, and thus often associated with kingship.
[19:12] 16 tn Grk “head, having.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
[19:12] 17 tn Although many translations supply a prepositional phrase to specify what the name was written on (“upon Him,” NASB; “on him,” NIV), there is no location for the name specified in the Greek text.
[19:13] 18 tc It appears that “dipped” (βεβαμμένον, bebammenon), supported by several uncials and other witnesses (A 051 Ï), is the original reading. Due to the lack of the preposition “in” (ἐν, en) after the verb (βεβαμμένον αἵματι, bebammenon {aimati), and also probably because of literary allusions to Isa 63:3, several
[19:13] tn Or perhaps “soaked.”
[19:13] 19 tn Grk “the name of him is called.”
[19:14] 20 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[19:14] 21 tn On the term translated “fine linen,” BDAG 185 s.v. βύσσινος states, “made of fine linen, subst. τὸ β. fine linen, linen garment…Rv 18:12, 16; 19:8, 14.”
[19:15] 22 tn Or “the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).
[19:15] 23 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[19:15] 24 tn Grk “will shepherd.”
[19:15] 25 tn Or “scepter.” The Greek term ῥάβδος (rJabdo") can mean either “rod” or “scepter.”
[19:15] sn A quotation from Ps 2:9 (see also Rev 2:27, 12:5).
[19:15] 26 sn He stomps the winepress. See Isa 63:3, where Messiah does this alone (usually several individuals would join in the process), and Rev 14:20.
[19:15] 27 tn The genitive θυμοῦ (qumou) has been translated as an attributed genitive. Following BDAG 461 s.v. θυμός 2, the combination of the genitives of θυμός (qumos) and ὀργή (orgh) in Rev 16:19 and 19:15 are taken to be a strengthening of the thought as in the OT and Qumran literature (Exod 32:12; Jer 32:37; Lam 2:3; CD 10:9).
[19:15] 28 tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”
[19:17] 29 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
[19:17] 30 tn The precise significance of ἐν (en) here is difficult to determine.
[19:17] 31 tn On μεσουρανήματι (mesouranhmati) here see L&N 1.10: “high in the sky, midpoint in the sky, directly overhead, straight above in the sky.” The birds mentioned here are carrion birds like vultures, circling high overhead, and now being summoned to feast on the corpses.
[19:17] 32 tn This is the same Greek word (δεῖπνον, deipnon) used in 19:9.
[19:18] 33 tn The ἵνα (Jina) clause, insofar as it is related to the first imperative, has the force of an imperative.
[19:18] 34 tn The idea of eating “your fill” is evident in the context with the use of χορτάζω (cortazw) in v. 21.
[19:18] 35 tn Grk “chiliarchs”; normally a chiliarch was a military officer commanding a thousand soldiers, but here probably used of higher-ranking commanders like generals (see L&N 55.15; cf. Rev 6:15).
[19:18] 36 tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.
[19:19] 37 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
[19:20] 38 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the introduction of an unexpected development in the account: The opposing armies do not come together in battle; rather the leader of one side is captured.
[19:20] 39 tn For this meaning see BDAG 342 s.v. ἐνώπιον 4.b, “by the authority of, on behalf of Rv 13:12, 14; 19:20.”
[19:20] 40 tn Traditionally, “brimstone.”
[19:21] 41 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[19:21] 42 tn On the translation of ἐχορτάσθησαν (ecortasqhsan) BDAG 1087 s.v. χορτάζω 1.a states, “of animals, pass. in act. sense πάντα τὰ ὄρνεα ἐχορτάσθησαν ἐκ τῶν σαρκῶν αὐτῶν all the birds gorged themselves with their flesh Rv 19:21 (cp. TestJud. 21:8).”
